Sub-lethal doses of neonicotinoids have been shown to negatively impact the health of honeybees. However, most studies to date have exposed bees only artificially to these pesticides under laboratory conditions. There have been just a few well designed and replicated studies of the impacts of realistic neonicotinoid exposure on honeybees foraging under field conditions. In order to close this knowledge gap, and to test the influence of the neonicotinoid clothianidin on honeybees, we used a study system of 16 paired, spatially separated (>4 km) spring oilseed rape fields in the south of Sweden. The fields were paired according to land use, the surrounding landscape and geographical proximity, using GIS.

Konkurrens mellan växter uppstår när deras gemensamma behov av resurser är större än tillgången. Man talar om olika typer av konkurrens, exempelvis den intraspecifika som uppstår mellan individer av samma art och den interspecifika konkurrensen mellan indivi-der från olika arter. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka den interspecifika konkurrensen mellan kålrot (Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Hanelt) (gröda) och vårkorn (Hor-deum vulgare L.) (modellogräs). Hypoteserna var att (i) konkurrensen från ett ogräs med-för en minskning i tillväxt hos grödan och (ii) att en ogräsresning ger en positiv effekt i form av ökad tillväxt hos grödan jämfört med orensat led.

Today we have more game species than ever before in our landscape, both regarding number of species and number of individuals. The increasing number of wild species is an increase in game recourse for the countryside. The increase of game species, however, has negative effects on forests and agriculture land. The negative effects for forestry are damages on economic important trees, due to losses in production and quality. However there are ways to decrease the damage on valuable and important trees.

The objective of this report is to present a review of the studies which has been carried out up to days date concerning how temperature affects vegetables physiologically when it comes to their health inducing as well as quality reducing features. The essay therefore starts off with defining what is meant by the terms health promoting and quality reducing features. It then moves on to describe how different subspecies of Brassica oleracea, that is to say vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and kale, is affected by temperature. B. oleracea was chosen because the species contains several commercially interesting subspecies and therefore provides a broad field even though only one species is assessed.

Branschbolaget Svensk Raps AB har under flera år haft som mål att öka andelen odlad areal av oljeväxter. Målet för 2005 var att odla 100 000 ha. Statistik från jordbruksverket visar att det år 2005 odlades oljeväxter på 82 500 ha, vilket är ca. 3 % av den totala åkermarken i Sverige, 2 688 000 ha. Av denna areal odlades 35 500 ha höstraps och 38 500 ha vårraps.

Genom litteraturstudien undersöktes rapsoljans kemiska sammansättning och faktorer som påverkar sammansättningen av rapsfröet och rapsoljan under odling. Raps (Brassica napus) tillhör Brassicaceae och är en diploid korsning mellan kålrot (B. oleracea) och rybs (B. rapa). Vid vegetativ fas bildas blad och pålroten etableras.

The purpose of this report is to examine the possibilities to decrease the number of insects and other pathogens in a crop of pak choi (Brassica rapa), grown with different types of cover and living mulches. Included in the report is a study of literature where amongst others, a summary on the vegetable pak choi and theories of living mulches and different kind of covers are to be found. To examine the amount of predators in the field, traps were used. During the autumn 2002 the tests were conducted in Alnarp. The pak choi and the living mulches were planted/sawn at the same time, the different covers were also applied at this time. The total experiment was divided into six different treatments (plus control) of which three were with covers and three were with living mulches. Once a week the number of leaves, the height and damages were read on ten of the plants from each parcel.

The price trend on rapeseed the latest years has led to an increasing interest to grow the crop among many farmers in Sweden. The price trend has resulted in more than a doubling of the oilseed area since the early 2000s. For many farmers it is an advantage to increase cultivation of rapeseed because of the high proportion of cereals in the crop rotation on many farms, but it is not just benefits. The risk of the fields being infected by clubroot increases within frequent rapeseed cultivation and it often leads to subtantial economic losses. Clubroot is caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae that is a soilborne pathogen in genus Protozoa and its resting spores can be found in the soil for up to 18 years.

Ungulates are causing conflicts between stakeholders due to browsing damage on forests and agricultural crops. At the same time there is a big demand of keeping high ungulate densities for sports hunting and recreational purposes. Movement patterns of ungulates are strongly correlated with forage availability. Therefore, measures affecting forage quantity and distribution might be a tool to reduce the economical losses in forestry without decreasing the ungulate densities and thereby decrease the conflict between different interest groups.This study investigated the potential biomass production and utilisation of marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. medullosa), at game fields in Misterhult, Sweden, as well as browsing effects on adjacent forests.

I detta arbete undersöks huruvida olika artsammansättningar i grön marktäckning påverkar odlingsresultatet vad gäller avkastning, kväve (N)-förlust och ogräsförekomst. Främst vit-klöver (Trifolium repens) men även rödklöver (Trifolium pratense L.) har sådana egenska-per att det bryts ned snabbare samt innehåller mer N än timotej (Phleum pratense). År 2001 genomfördes ett fältförsök med grön marktäckning i ekologisk odling av vitkål (Brassica oleracea var. alba). Tre olika artblandningar användes, de bestod av: 60% röd-klöver + 40% timotej (1), 32% vitklöver + 28% rödklöver + 40% timotej (2), samt 75% timotej + 10% rödklöver + 15% övrigt (3). N-innehållet var 193, 218 respektive 134 kg/ ha.

AbstractAn approaching overproduction of cereals and a future uncertain supply of non genetic modified vegetable protein feedstuffs have increased the interest in an expansion of the domestic production of protein feedstuffs in Norway. Besides rapeseed (Brassica campestris), peas (Pisum sativum) may be the most suitable crop for this purpose. Peas are characterized by having a relatively high content of crude protein, ranging between 20-26%, a high content of starch, 42-51%, and a low content of fat. In general, the energy value for peas is higher than for barley but lower than for rapeseed and soybean meal.Pea protein consists of albumins and globulins to 85-100%, which leads to the fact that a large part of the pea protein is soluble and degradable in the rumen. Starch in peas is on the other hand to a large extent resistant to rumen degradation compared to starch from other starch rich feedstuffs.